LED Optics
LED Light Emitting Diode words are taken from the abbreviation of Chinese translated as " light emitting diode" , as the name suggests is a light-emitting diode can convert electrical energy into light energy diode characteristics of electronic devices have now different from the light-emitting diodes can be issued infrared to different wavelengths of light between the blue , purple and even ultraviolet light emitted currently emitting diodes have been born . in addition to the blue LED coated with phosphor , the blue light into white light white LED.
LED color and process:
LED manufacturing different materials can generate photons with different energies , thereby to control the wavelength of light emitted by the LED , which is the spectral or color. LED history of a material used is arsenic (As) , gallium (Ga ) , the PN junction forward voltage drop (VF, can be understood as light or voltage ) is 1.424V, the infrared spectrum of light emitted another common LED material is phosphorus (P) , gallium (Ga), the PN junction forward voltage drop of 2.261V, the light emitted is green.
Based on these two materials, the early use of LED industry Tu GaAs1-xPx timber structure , in theory, can be produced from the green light to infrared light has a wavelength range of any of the LED, the subscript X represents the percentage of phosphorus substituted arsenic . Generally through the PN junction drop wavelength LED colors can be determined which have GaAs0.6P0.4 typical red LED, GaAs0.35P0.65 orange light LED, GaAs0.14P0.86 the yellow LED , etc. Due manufactured using gallium , arsenic, phosphorus three elements , so called for the three elements of these LED light tube , while the GaN ( gallium nitride ) blue LED, GaP and GaAs infrared LED green light LED, light-emitting tube is called the two elements , while the latest the process is mixed with aluminum (Al), AlGaInN calcium (Ca), indium (In) , and nitrogen (N) of the four elements four elements four elements manufactured LED, you can cover all the visible and ultraviolet portion of the spectrum range.
Luminous Intensity :
Unit of measurement of luminous intensity unit of illuminance ( lux Lux), flux units ( lm Lumen), luminous intensity ( candle Candle power)
1CD ( candle ) radiation refers to the object completely , the temperature in the freezing point of platinum per square centimeter area of one sixtieth of the luminous intensity. ( Formerly referred to as a 2.2 cm diameter , 75.5 gram mass whale Youzhu combustion hour 7.78 g, the flame height of 4.5 cm , the luminous intensity in the horizontal direction )
1L ( lumens ) means 1 CD candlelight irradiation at a distance of 1 cm , an area of one square centimeter of flux plane.
1Lux ( lux ) means uniformly distributed in the illumination luminous flux 1L 1 m2 area .
General self-luminous body with luminous intensity unit candlelight CD, such as incandescent , LED , etc. ; reflection or transmission type objects using flux unit lumen L, such as LCD projectors, etc. ; while the illumination unit lux Lux, generally used for photography and other fields three kinds of units of measurement are equivalent in value , but need to understand from different perspectives such as : If the brightness of a LCD projector ( flux ) of 1600 lumens, which is projected onto a screen size of 60 total reflection inch ( one square meter ) , then the illuminance of 1600 lux , assuming that the optical port from the light source 1 cm , the optical port area of one square centimeter , then the luminous intensity of the optical port for 1600CD. while the real LCD projectors due to the propagation of light the loss, reflection loss or translucent films and uneven distribution of light , the brightness will be greatly reduced , generally 50 % efficiency on the good .
Actual use , the light intensity is often relatively easy to calculate the mapping data unit or change to use . LED display for the general use of this active luminous CD / m² as a unit of luminous intensity and the angle of observation with an auxiliary parameter, the other effect on lux illumination unit surface of the screen ; this value and multiplying the effective display area screen body get the best view of the entire screen of the luminous intensity , luminous intensity of each pixel screen body assumption in the corresponding space the constant , this value can be considered but also the entire screen body flux. general outdoor LED display is required to achieve 4000CD / square meter or more before the brightness of the sunlight has the ideal display. ordinary indoor LED, maximum brightness of 700 ~ 2000 CD / square meters .
LED luminous intensity in a single CD unit , but with a perspective parameters , LED luminous intensity and color does not matter. Luminous intensity of a single tube from several mCD mCD to five thousand dollars. Luminous intensity LED manufacturers are given the refers to the LED at 20mA current lights on the point of maximum intensity of luminescence best angle and the center position. package LED when the top of the lens shape and the position of the LED chip from the top of the lens determines the angle and LED light intensity distribution . general the same LED larger perspective , the smaller the maximum luminous intensity , but in the entire three-dimensional hemisphere cumulative flux surface unchanged.
When multiple LED emission rules than the close , the luminous sphere superimposed on each other , resulting in the emission plane luminous intensity is more evenly distributed in the calculation of the display luminescence intensity , to be based on LED LED emission angle and density , the manufacturer's maximum luminous point intensity value is multiplied by 30% to 90 %, and the average luminous intensity as a single tube .
General LED luminescence lifetime is very long, manufacturers are generally marked as 100,000 hours, should also pay attention to the LED brightness decay cycle , as most of the UR for automotive taillights red tube lights dozen to a few hours later, the brightness only half of the original . brightness decay cycle and the LED production process has a lot of material , generally in the economic conditions permit should choose brightness decay slower four-element LED.
Color, white balance:
White is red, green and blue mixed together by the brightness ratio , when the brightness of the green light in 69% , 21% brightness of red , blue brightness of 10%, the blending eye descendants feel is pure white but chromaticity coordinates of red, green and blue LED 's due process and other reasons can not achieve all chromatographic results, and control deviations primary colors including white light brightness , called color .
When the former is for color full-color LED display, in order to achieve optimum brightness and the lowest cost, should try to choose the three primary colors luminous intensity ratio of approximately 3:6:1 LED devices composed of pixels.
White asked the three primary colors in the same tone of gray values remain as pure synthetic white .
Color, color :
Basic primary colors that can synthesize a variety of colors. Shade in the colors red, green, blue, spectrum below shows a table in which the vertices of the three primary color wavelength ideal if a deviation colors , colors can be synthesized area will be reduced, the spectrum will narrow triangular table , from a visual point of view , the color deviation will not only reduce the richness .
Red LED emitted , green and blue light at different wavelengths according to their characteristics and is broadly divided into purple, pure red , orange , orange , orange , yellow, green, pure green, green , blue-green , blue , violet , etc., orange , green, blue and purple than pure red , pure green, blue- cheap prices on many . three primary colors of green is most important, because the green occupies 69 % brightness white and color at the center horizontal row of the list. therefore when the relationship between the color of purity and price trade-offs between , green is the object of an important consideration .
LED color and process:
LED manufacturing different materials can generate photons with different energies , thereby to control the wavelength of light emitted by the LED , which is the spectral or color. LED history of a material used is arsenic (As) , gallium (Ga ) , the PN junction forward voltage drop (VF, can be understood as light or voltage ) is 1.424V, the infrared spectrum of light emitted another common LED material is phosphorus (P) , gallium (Ga), the PN junction forward voltage drop of 2.261V, the light emitted is green.
Based on these two materials, the early use of LED industry Tu GaAs1-xPx timber structure , in theory, can be produced from the green light to infrared light has a wavelength range of any of the LED, the subscript X represents the percentage of phosphorus substituted arsenic . Generally through the PN junction drop wavelength LED colors can be determined which have GaAs0.6P0.4 typical red LED, GaAs0.35P0.65 orange light LED, GaAs0.14P0.86 the yellow LED , etc. Due manufactured using gallium , arsenic, phosphorus three elements , so called for the three elements of these LED light tube , while the GaN ( gallium nitride ) blue LED, GaP and GaAs infrared LED green light LED, light-emitting tube is called the two elements , while the latest the process is mixed with aluminum (Al), AlGaInN calcium (Ca), indium (In) , and nitrogen (N) of the four elements four elements four elements manufactured LED, you can cover all the visible and ultraviolet portion of the spectrum range.
Luminous Intensity :
Unit of measurement of luminous intensity unit of illuminance ( lux Lux), flux units ( lm Lumen), luminous intensity ( candle Candle power)
1CD ( candle ) radiation refers to the object completely , the temperature in the freezing point of platinum per square centimeter area of one sixtieth of the luminous intensity. ( Formerly referred to as a 2.2 cm diameter , 75.5 gram mass whale Youzhu combustion hour 7.78 g, the flame height of 4.5 cm , the luminous intensity in the horizontal direction )
1L ( lumens ) means 1 CD candlelight irradiation at a distance of 1 cm , an area of one square centimeter of flux plane.
1Lux ( lux ) means uniformly distributed in the illumination luminous flux 1L 1 m2 area .
General self-luminous body with luminous intensity unit candlelight CD, such as incandescent , LED , etc. ; reflection or transmission type objects using flux unit lumen L, such as LCD projectors, etc. ; while the illumination unit lux Lux, generally used for photography and other fields three kinds of units of measurement are equivalent in value , but need to understand from different perspectives such as : If the brightness of a LCD projector ( flux ) of 1600 lumens, which is projected onto a screen size of 60 total reflection inch ( one square meter ) , then the illuminance of 1600 lux , assuming that the optical port from the light source 1 cm , the optical port area of one square centimeter , then the luminous intensity of the optical port for 1600CD. while the real LCD projectors due to the propagation of light the loss, reflection loss or translucent films and uneven distribution of light , the brightness will be greatly reduced , generally 50 % efficiency on the good .
Actual use , the light intensity is often relatively easy to calculate the mapping data unit or change to use . LED display for the general use of this active luminous CD / m² as a unit of luminous intensity and the angle of observation with an auxiliary parameter, the other effect on lux illumination unit surface of the screen ; this value and multiplying the effective display area screen body get the best view of the entire screen of the luminous intensity , luminous intensity of each pixel screen body assumption in the corresponding space the constant , this value can be considered but also the entire screen body flux. general outdoor LED display is required to achieve 4000CD / square meter or more before the brightness of the sunlight has the ideal display. ordinary indoor LED, maximum brightness of 700 ~ 2000 CD / square meters .
LED luminous intensity in a single CD unit , but with a perspective parameters , LED luminous intensity and color does not matter. Luminous intensity of a single tube from several mCD mCD to five thousand dollars. Luminous intensity LED manufacturers are given the refers to the LED at 20mA current lights on the point of maximum intensity of luminescence best angle and the center position. package LED when the top of the lens shape and the position of the LED chip from the top of the lens determines the angle and LED light intensity distribution . general the same LED larger perspective , the smaller the maximum luminous intensity , but in the entire three-dimensional hemisphere cumulative flux surface unchanged.
When multiple LED emission rules than the close , the luminous sphere superimposed on each other , resulting in the emission plane luminous intensity is more evenly distributed in the calculation of the display luminescence intensity , to be based on LED LED emission angle and density , the manufacturer's maximum luminous point intensity value is multiplied by 30% to 90 %, and the average luminous intensity as a single tube .
General LED luminescence lifetime is very long, manufacturers are generally marked as 100,000 hours, should also pay attention to the LED brightness decay cycle , as most of the UR for automotive taillights red tube lights dozen to a few hours later, the brightness only half of the original . brightness decay cycle and the LED production process has a lot of material , generally in the economic conditions permit should choose brightness decay slower four-element LED.
Color, white balance:
White is red, green and blue mixed together by the brightness ratio , when the brightness of the green light in 69% , 21% brightness of red , blue brightness of 10%, the blending eye descendants feel is pure white but chromaticity coordinates of red, green and blue LED 's due process and other reasons can not achieve all chromatographic results, and control deviations primary colors including white light brightness , called color .
When the former is for color full-color LED display, in order to achieve optimum brightness and the lowest cost, should try to choose the three primary colors luminous intensity ratio of approximately 3:6:1 LED devices composed of pixels.
White asked the three primary colors in the same tone of gray values remain as pure synthetic white .
Color, color :
Basic primary colors that can synthesize a variety of colors. Shade in the colors red, green, blue, spectrum below shows a table in which the vertices of the three primary color wavelength ideal if a deviation colors , colors can be synthesized area will be reduced, the spectrum will narrow triangular table , from a visual point of view , the color deviation will not only reduce the richness .
Red LED emitted , green and blue light at different wavelengths according to their characteristics and is broadly divided into purple, pure red , orange , orange , orange , yellow, green, pure green, green , blue-green , blue , violet , etc., orange , green, blue and purple than pure red , pure green, blue- cheap prices on many . three primary colors of green is most important, because the green occupies 69 % brightness white and color at the center horizontal row of the list. therefore when the relationship between the color of purity and price trade-offs between , green is the object of an important consideration .